abstract：:Renin-Angiotensin System is classically recognized for its role in the control of systemic blood pressure. However, the retina is recognized to have all the components necessary for angiotensin II formation, suggestive of a role for Angiotensin II in the retina that is independent of the systemic circulation. The most...

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： Fletcher EL,Phipps JA,Ward MM,Vessey KA,Wilkinson-Berka JL

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bruch's membrane (BM) is a unique pentalaminar structure, which is strategically located between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the fenestrated choroidal capillaries of the eye. BM is an elastin- and collagen-rich extracellular matrix that acts as a molecular sieve. BM partly regulates the reciprocal exchang...

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： Booij JC,Baas DC,Beisekeeva J,Gorgels TG,Bergen AA

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review considers the critical role of the conjunctiva in determining the success or failure of glaucoma filtration surgery. Glaucoma filtration surgery can be defined as an attempt to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) by the surgical formation of an artificial drainage pathway from the anterior chamber to the subc...

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： Yu DY,Morgan WH,Sun X,Su EN,Cringle SJ,Yu PK,House P,Guo W,Yu X

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Morphometrics, a branch of morphology, represents the study of size and shape components of biological form and their variation in the population. Assessment of optic disc morphology is essential in the diagnosis and management of many ophthalmic disorders. Much work has been performed to characterize size-related par...

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： Sanfilippo PG,Cardini A,Hewitt AW,Crowston JG,Mackey DA

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the cornea, the epithelium and the underlying stroma are separated by the basement membrane and Bowman's layer. The disruption of these anatomical barriers during wound healing represents a key step which initiates tissue remodeling through the modification of the epithelial-stromal interactions (ESI). Diffusible c...

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： Gabison EE,Huet E,Baudouin C,Menashi S

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells of the human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) have a regular epithelial cell shape within the tissue in situ, but for reasons that remain elusive the RPE shows an incomplete and variable ability to re-develop an epithelial phenotype after propagation in vitro. In other epithelial cell cultures, formation of an a...

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： Burke JM

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is the most severe retinal dystrophy causing blindness or severe visual impairment before the age of 1 year. Linkage analysis, homozygosity mapping and candidate gene analysis facilitated the identification of 14 genes mutated in patients with LCA and juvenile retinal degeneration, whi...

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： den Hollander AI,Roepman R,Koenekoop RK,Cremers FP

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins whose main function is to transport water across cell membranes in response to osmotic gradients. At the ocular surface, AQP1 is expressed in corneal endothelium, AQP3 and AQP5 in corneal epithelium, and AQP3 in conjunctival epithelium. AQPs are also expressed in le...

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： Verkman AS,Ruiz-Ederra J,Levin MH

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Optimal retinal neuronal cell function requires an appropriate, tightly regulated environment, provided by cellular barriers, which separate functional compartments, maintain their homeostasis, and control metabolic substrate transport. Correctly regulated hemodynamics and delivery of oxygen and metabolic substrates, ...

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： Pournaras CJ,Rungger-Brändle E,Riva CE,Hardarson SH,Stefansson E

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The flash electroretinogram (ERG) represents a serial ensemble of neural responses that can be used to objectively evaluate retinal function on a layer-by-layer basis. In this review, the seminal concepts of Granit are developed within the modern context to demonstrate how the ERG waveform can be decomposed to isolate...

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： Weymouth AE,Vingrys AJ

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) maintains retinal function as the metabolic gatekeeper between photoreceptors (PRs) and the choriocapillaries. The RPE and Bruch's membrane (BM) suffer cumulative damage over lifetime, which is thought to induce age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in susceptible individuals. Unl...

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： Binder S,Stanzel BV,Krebs I,Glittenberg C

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The patterns of eye movement that accompany static activities such as reading have been studied since the early 1900s, but it is only since head-mounted eye trackers became available in the 1980s that it has been possible to study active tasks such as walking, driving, playing ball games and ordinary everyday activiti...

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： Land MF

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glaucoma is a common neurodegenerative disease that affects retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Substantial effort is being expended to determine how RGCs die in glaucoma. As in other neurodegenerative diseases, the majority of effort focuses on characterising apoptotic self-destruct pathways. However, apoptosis is not the...

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： Whitmore AV,Libby RT,John SW

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The macular pigments (MP) absorb light in the blue-green region of the visible spectrum and comprise two carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin. In humans the concentration of MP varies widely across the normal population. There are two (not mutually exclusive) proposed roles for MP: to improve visual function and to act ...

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： Davies NP,Morland AB

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The brains of all vertebrates are persistently neurogenic. However, this is not true for the neural retinas. Only three extant classes of vertebrates show significant posthatch/postnatal retinal neurogenesis: amphibians, birds and fish. The retinas of these animals contain an annulus of progenitors at the margin, from...

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： Hitchcock P,Ochocinska M,Sieh A,Otteson D

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phototransduction in vertebrate photoreceptor cells mediated by rhodopsin is one of the most comprehensively examined G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways. The signal transduction pathway can be mapped from the initial absorption of light to conformational changes within rhodopsin, through activation o...

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： Maeda T,Imanishi Y,Palczewski K

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding of corneal wound healing plays an important role, not only in management of corneal infections, but especially in refractive surgery. A better control of wound healing mechanisms might improve the results of such resculpturing techniques and help to avoid complications arising from these procedures. Whil...

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： Tervo T,Moilanen J

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a long-term study of 1270 patients with at least one of the findings, open-angle glaucoma, disc haemorrhages or retinal vein occlusions, disc haemorrhages were witnessed in approximately 20% of the cases with open-angle glaucoma, and were a precursor of glaucomatous disc changes and associated visual field defects....

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： Sonnsjö B,Dokmo Y,Krakau T

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this review, we summarize the main stages of structural and functional development of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). We first consider the various mechanisms that are involved in restructuring of dendritic trees. To date, many mechanisms have been implicated including target-dependent factors, interactions from nei...

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： Sernagor E,Eglen SJ,Wong RO

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the tear film has been extensively studied as it exists in the open eye state, until recently very little was known as to what happens to the tear film on eye closure. Recent studies have shown that eye closure results in a profound change in the composition, origins, turnover and physiological functions of t...

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： Sack RA,Beaton A,Sathe S,Morris C,Willcox M,Bogart B

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The vitreous gel is a transparent extracellular matrix that fills the cavity behind the lens of the eye and is surrounded by and attached to the retina. This gel liquefies during ageing and in 25-30% of the oppulation the residual gel structure eventually collapses away from the posterior retina in a process called po...

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： Bishop PN

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Uveitis is a major cause of blindness, with the visual loss that occurs being due primarily to retinal tissue damage. The tissue damage is mediated mainly by phagocytic inflammatory cells, such as macrophages, by the release of various proteolytic enzymes, arachidonic acid metabolites, cytokines and free radicals. The...

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： Rao NA,Wu GS

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The link between morphology and physiology for some of the cell types of the macaque monkey retina is reviewed with emphasis on understanding the neural mechanism for spectral opponency in the light response of ganglion cells. An in vitro preparation of the retina is used in which morphologically identified cell types...

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： Dacey DM

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of alpha-crystallin as a molecular chaperone may explain how the lens stays transparent for so long. Alpha-crystallin prevents the aggregation of other lens crystallins and proteins that have become unfolded by "trapping" the protein in a high molecular weight complex. It also protects enzyme activities. The ...

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： Derham BK,Harding JJ

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The generation of expression and subtractive libraries from the ocular ciliary body and cultured ciliary epithelial cells has been instrumental in the cloning, identification and characterization of many genes which, overall reflect a representative profile of transcripts expressed in ciliary nonpigmented, ciliary pig...

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： Coca-Prados M,Escribano J,Ortego J

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The trabecular meshwork forms most of the resistance to aqueous humor outflow needed for maintenance of a pressure gradient between intraocular pressure of approximately 17 mmHg and venous pressure of approximately 10 mmHg. The composition of the extracellular material in the subendothelial or cribriform layer seems t...

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： Lütjen-Drecoll E

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tears undergo four processes: production by the lacrimal gland, distribution by blinking, evaporation from the ocular surface and drainage through the nasolacrimal duct. Abnormalities in any of these steps can cause dry eye. There are two kinds of tear production, basic and reflex, which can be distinguished from each...

journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research

authors： Tsubota K

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00